Cover Story
Like People, Like Rulers!
The frequent regime changes in Pakistan have less to do with incompetence and more to do with the execution of the ‘Economic Hit Man’ policies.
Appeared in the SouthAsia Magazine (https://southasia.com.pk/), in my last article titled, “Good Cop, Bad Cop,” I undertook a brief overview of Pakistan’s political history with a focus on analysing the reasons for the perpetual failure of successive governments in the country. It is satisfying to note that the opinion paper has stirred valuable discussions on the subject.
One exciting thought received states, “Though it sounds theoretically wrong but practically right, the role of the Armed Forces in Pakistani politics has always led to exciting outcomes since the men in khaki, when in power, have fared better than their civilian counterparts, especially when it comes to economic revival and development. Is it because of the competence of the Armed Forces or the incompetence of the democratically-elected leadership that keeps failing Pakistan on the economic front again and again?” I consider it a stimulating but debatable avowal that can either be proved right or wrong depending on which side of the aisle one prefers to stand. Nonetheless, dispassionate scrutiny may help to filter out the proper perspective.
Let’s begin with the post-mortem of the above thematic proclamation. A paragraph from my above-referred article is considered enough to challenge the given notion: “In Pakistan, if the country’s three main political parties, namely the PPP, the PML-N, and the PTI, have each failed to govern well (especially concerning economic revival), we need to ask, why? Is there a problem with the stated three political parties or with the three main organs of the state, i.e., Legislature, Judiciary, and the Executives, who are mostly found attempting to function out of the respective constitutional orbits? Is it because of the application of the colonial mindset, strategy, and tactics by the three pillars of the state on the hapless public who is to be served well and not to be misruled? Is there a problem with our stars or with us? Is there a problem with the system of governance or with the unfair and self-serving men in the system? Is it due to the lack of competence or the frail character of licentious power grabbers? Is it a case of “like people, like rulers” or “jaisaa raja waisi prajaa”? Or is it a backlash of failure to learn from the experience of others and even from our own major national strategic blunders, e.g., October 1958, December 1970/71, July 1977, April 1979, October 1999, September 2001, April 2022, and May 2023? A democracy is a society where citizens are sovereign and control the government; did it ever happen in Pakistan?”
The global political history testifies that “Power doesn’t corrupt. Fear corrupts... perhaps the fear of a loss of power.” Our personal friendships and narcissistic biases notwithstanding, how can an unconstitutional military rule, even under the most compelling environment and with a hundred justifying reasons, be accredited with an “exciting outcome?” Doesn’t our history of military takeovers and their disastrous outcomes cull this misperceived notion? In its chequered history of 76 years, Pakistan has had 32 prime ministers (from Khan Liaquat Ali Khan to Imran Khan, Shehbaz Sharif, and the incumbent caretaker PM).
There have been thirteen Presidents of Pakistan since the post’s introduction in 1956. Six presidents have been members of a political party, and four were active party members of the Pakistan Peoples’ Party (PPP). The first president was a retired military officer; four others were incumbent military officers, of which three gained power through successful military coups in Pakistan’s history – Field Marshal Ayub Khan (27 October 1958 to 31 March 1969: left Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, PPP, and Gen. Yahya Khan as a legacy…accumulated aftermath was the loss of former East Pakistan), General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (16 September 1978 to 17 August 1988: left Nawaz Sharif and PML(N), and millions of disillusioned Jihadi elements as his unrelentingly haunting legacy) and General Pervez Musharraf (20 June 2001 to 18 August 2008: left behind PML(Q), MQM, vicious NROs, and consequent boosted turncoats culture; besides, the inevitable backlash of embroiling in so-called War on Terror playing as a second fiddle to US).
The illusory and transient economic stability and development during these stated military rules is attributable more to the flow of American dollars paid for playing the self-destructive cat’s paw roles assigned to Pakistan, highly profitable only for the ruling elite and their fraternity of multiple hues and colours.
The frequent regime changes in Pakistan have less to do with incompetence, and more to do with the execution of the ‘Economic Hit Man’ policies managed through embedded slaves. No amount of distortion of history and whitewash can hide how and who always created a conducive environment and choreographed events, which were made to be seen, heard, and believed by the wretched public and even academia, media, chosen political pygmies and the well-rewarded elements among all the pillars of the state. Sadly, these elements continue even with greater vigor to project the menace as a messianic reward; as Henry Kissinger said, “Corrupt politicians make the other ten percent look bad.”
Nevertheless, it has been experienced umpteen times that as soon as the meticulously managed elected or selected civil or military rulers appeared to have served a hidden agenda, or they were found to be getting, out of the crease in a fit of nationalism or something else, their immediate political or physical elimination was ensured by the not very invisible masters, not only in Pakistan but in many other parts of the world, e.g., Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Lebanon, Egypt, Somalia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Sudan, Algeria, Nigeria, Tunis, Turkey, and so on. However, authoritarian rule always looks more organized, better managed, and relatively more focused on developments with corruption somewhat under check in the short term. Ironically, the downfall of dictatorial rule starts as soon as the same old reigning corrupted political elite manages to join hands to serve and rule indirectly, with flak directed at the overjoyed military rulers and the military institution, and most of the appreciation cared for the evergreen power elite. Lately, it has been termed as a hybrid government… unholy, unconstitutional, and counterproductive by all governance standards nevertheless. The mortals keep wondering, “If absolute power corrupts absolutely, where does that leave God?”
Let’s now focus on the other side of the ruling coin. We all understand that the world is sufficient for man’s needs but not greed. In its 76 years of inconsistent history, Pakistan has seen democratic governments with a tinge of socialism, communism, and the hue of dynastic monarchy. Conversely, autocracy under military rule with shades of democracy with only a few changes of faces necessitated due to natural fade away.
The moment may pass on a victory note for the perpetrators, but the state loses in the long run, as has been proven repeatedly by Pakistan’s political past.
However, in all experiments, the corrupt ruling elite with new generations on board remained a constant, besides the domestic and foreign movers and shakers. The pivotal reasons for the continuous ‘so-called democratic regimes’ failure in Pakistan include a corrupted electoral system that thrives on an abundance of filthy money, the ability to buy votes and electable/turncoats, meddling by the invisible power brokers, isms/ schisms executed by ‘rent a crowd companies’ in the name of sectarian, tribal, clans, religious and social biases, immoral and illegal practices to suppress the political opponents, lawlessness, no induction as well as further grooming criterion for the politicians/legislature as in the case of Judiciary and the Executives, politicized Election Commission and the compromised whole electoral machinery.
Consequently, such a lopsided election system results in unending lousy governance by the poorest human resource continually getting in the helms of affairs. Thus, the overawed public unavoidably continues to suffer from rampant corruption, political victimization, worst human conduct and shameless pomposity, reckless extravagance by the powerful ruling elite, lack of accountability, weak writ of the law, desperately slow judicial system, suffocating unbridled inflation, addiction to foreign loans at the cost of compromises on national sovereignty and decision making, adjusting to foreign influence or even interference, and unstoppable slide down of the economy.
It is a matter of concern and demands reappraisal that the sincere efforts by military institutions like the National Defence University to contribute to grooming all segments of the society, including other law enforcement agencies, politicians, civil bureaucracy, wealthy class businessmen, selected bright youth, media personnel, think tanks, etc. by organizing National Security Workshops and other courses, have helped them to mimic only the cosmetic side of the military life and national security realm.
Moreover, as an unintended consequence, the genuine exercise has helped further strengthen the unholy alliances and bondages among the participants rather than contributing positively towards nation-building. Ironically, with all the governance experiments so far, the vicious circle of the inept and avaricious ruling elite has never ceased to plunder the national wealth, stash and escape abroad, then come back triumphantly, overnight get clean chits by the courts and the institutions and rule again with “Khatay hain to lagatay bhi hain” having become the most conformist slogan by the benefactors. The prevalent culture of political victimization, suppression of freedom of speech, and highly offending oppression of political opponents through kidnapping, torture, and registration of fake cases by misuse of the state machinery with judiciary conniving or watching helplessly has far-reaching consequences.
The moment may pass on a victory note for the perpetrators, but the state loses in the long run, as has been proven repeatedly by Pakistan’s political past. It is said that “Crime is contagious. If the government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy.” The star-crossed public wonders with complete disbelief, “When honour and the law no longer stand on the same side of the line, how do we choose?”
Therefore, the meaningless comparison between the military and the so-called democratically elected rulers is more like a contrast of oranges with mangoes that have already yielded a new hybrid fruit named ‘Orangoe,’ which only proves the point that irrespective of the type of government in Pakistan, the public at large has mostly remained deprived, ignored and barely surviving under a humiliating environment.
Needless to say, “no nation can survive politically free but economically enslaved.” The democratic process in Pakistan has been repeating the same experiments again and again, expecting different results in vain. It has remained one step forward and two steps backward or the exact old wine in new bottles.
The PDM government and allies (especially the PML-N and the PPP) have parted ways as was predicted and are once again resorting to the traditional unsparing competition as long overdue general elections have finally been announced to be held on February 8, 2024, with the PTI officially mauled and decimated and probably out of the game and Nawaz Sharif and other convicted politicians getting reprieve by due amendments in the national laws to return to national politics; a destructive beaten track of course. The sale and purchase of turncoats have already begun, and smaller parties of virtually defunct PDM are running between the PPP and the PML-N for better bargains and a more significant share of the pie, as always. The fate of the newly created PTI runaway Tareen, as well as the Aslam Khattak group, hangs in imbalance with visibly some assured role in the national dirty politics. The land of the pure keeps teetering on the brink of economic collapse and sustained by insulting IMF’s conditions, with severe security crises from within and outside.
The democratic process in Pakistan has been repeating the same experiments again and again, expecting different results in vain.
Let me conclude by praying that the Armed Forces should remain aware of the more lavish designs of the foes and the perils of once again getting embroiled in the same rut as was the case for the last six decades…that is what the enemy wants us to do. The real success will be to turn the table on the enemies of Pakistan both on internal and external fronts by exercising the right strategic choices rather than reacting and firefighting on tactical battlefields on unfamiliar grounds. The leaning on the Army by all state institutions at any drop of a hat has made the civil bureaucracy, political elite, and the general public addicted to using the Army as an indispensable antidote for the quick fix and the cure of minor and significant national syndromes. Pakistan’s brief history confirms that this injudicious practice has always proved fatal in the long run for the state as well as for the military institution, just like the use of antibiotics proves fatal for the treatment of dengue fever.
The path forward requires bold actions. The military, in cooperation with the judiciary, will be well advised to play the role of an honest umpire (desirably one last time) and enable the much-preferred holding of free and fair general elections in the country to take place under absolutely apolitical judiciary and Election Commission with all parties and leadership including the PTI given equal and fair playing field. Any elections short of that will be seen as foolish with cataclysmic repercussions. Let the hatred, prejudices, grievances, and dark past be buried and take a fresh and positive start where a genuine political process inevitably ensures a gradual cleansing procedure. Providing the ‘Protection of People and the Constitution’ is the terse message for the Armed Forces of Pakistan, being the most dependable national saviours. That is considered the finest remedy for restoring the image of all state institutions and for highly desired political and economic stability in Pakistan.
The military and national intelligence agencies have their plates full of internal and external security challenges; pre-empting, preventing, and defeating those threats ought to be the prime and only focus of the military, leaving the rest to the civil side of the governance. When given free hands, the political elite, judiciary, and the civilian component of the executives and other stakeholders are bound to perform well, maybe with a few more stumbles. The world and even regional experience show that the more democracy is based on honest foundations, the more the chances of political, economic, and security stability. The wisdom lies in learning from history, and the truth is that you always know the right thing to do. The tricky part is doing it!
As a retired army officer, the writer has proficiency in military intelligence, diplomacy, strategic analyses, forecast and executive management. He can be reached at sqbutt61@gmail.com
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