Lesson to Learn

Bhutan’s shift from monarchy to democracy reflects effective governance and strategic planning. Guided by Buddhist principles like Gross National Happiness (GNH), the country prioritized security and socio-economic development under a monarchical system established in 1907. Through successive Five-Year Plans, Bhutan transitioned from basic infrastructure to modernization, notably in hydropower and human capital investment.

Rising literacy rates and life expectancy exemplify Bhutan’s remarkable infrastructure, healthcare, and education improvements despite its reliance on foreign aid. The transition to parliamentary democracy, which began in the 1950s and culminated in 2008, was characterized by a thorough Constitution and initiatives to educate voters.

With the support of royal initiatives like the Bhutan Media Foundation, media freedom played a crucial role in fostering accountability and transparency. Despite initial apprehensions, Bhutanese citizens embraced democracy, participating actively in elections and electing multiple governments since 2008. However, questions remain about the sustainability of development efforts amid changing administrations and whether this reflects caution towards incumbency or an ongoing search for governance aligned with national aspirations. By examining Bhutan’s democratic journey, governance practices, economic policies, environmental stewardship, and global engagement, we can gain valuable insights for countries going through their own democratic transitions and development paths.

The leadership of Bhutan, represented by prominent figures such as Pema Chewang and Tshering Tobgay, has been instrumental in steering the consolidation and transition of the country’s democracy. Their unwavering dedication to the welfare of the people, regardless of their political leanings, has instilled confidence in our democratic institutions. In this essay, we delve into the various lessons that can be learned from Bhutan’s successful transition to democracy, particularly in the context of nations in Asia, including Pakistan.

Democratic administrations have successfully fostered trust and encouraged citizen participation in governance processes. Regular reporting of government expenditures and performance is essential for holding politicians accountable and promoting transparent and responsible governance, especially in countries with a history of corruption and inefficiency. In addition, Bhutan’s emphasis on economic growth, particularly in rural development, healthcare, education, and infrastructure, highlights the significance of fair and balanced development.

Bhutan’s strategic investments in key sectors have enhanced living conditions and set the stage for sustainable long-term growth. This is a valuable lesson for countries like Pakistan, which are facing socioeconomic disparities and developmental hurdles.

Bhutan’s dedication to maintaining a sustainable environment while promoting economic progress sets an example for countries striving to harmonize growth with ecological conservation. Bhutan has successfully incorporated environmental considerations into its development strategy, acknowledging the importance of its natural environment. Bhutan’s commitment to securing the future sustainability of its nation is evident through initiatives like promoting renewable energy sources and preserving forest cover. This is a valuable lesson for countries grappling with environmental degradation and the impacts of climate change.

Bhutan’s economy, which strongly depended on hydropower exports, encountered significant difficulties amid the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the tourism industry. The significance of economic diversification cannot be overstated, as it helps to reduce vulnerabilities that arise from relying too heavily on certain industries. To ensure the resilience and adaptability of the economy, it is crucial to encourage entrepreneurship, innovation, and diversification of economic activities. This lesson is particularly relevant for Pakistan as it aims to expand its economic base and decrease reliance on specific sectors.