Region 
 

Thimphu

Dalai Dilemma

The Bhutanese people highly respect the Dalai Lama, but his absence in Bhutan stems from historical, political, and diplomatic complexities.

By Muhammad Omar Iftikhar | August 2024


The Dalai Lama, the revered spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, holds a noteworthy place in the hearts of Buddhists in Bhutan and worldwide. However, the relationship between Bhutan and the Dalai Lama is complex and is influenced by historical, political, and religious factors. Bhutan is predominantly a Buddhist nation, following the Drukpa Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism, one of the major Vajrayana traditions. The Dalai Lama, leader of the Gelug school, is respected not only within his tradition but also by followers of other sects due to his spiritual teachings, wisdom, and leadership in promoting peace and compassion.

In Bhutan, the Dalai Lama is highly esteemed as a spiritual leader and symbol of Buddhist principles of empathy and non-violence. His teachings are widely read and followed by both monks and laypeople. His messages on mindfulness, ethical living, and interconnectedness resonate deeply with Bhutanese Buddhists, aligning well with their religious practices and beliefs.

Despite religious admiration, Bhutan’s political relationship with China has played a vital role in the Dalai Lama’s absence. His position as a political figure and leader of the Tibetan government-in-exile has made him contentious in Sino-Tibetan relations. Sharing borders with China and India, Bhutan has historically maintained a delicate balance in its foreign policy to avoid conflict with its powerful neighbors. Bhutan has never officially recognized Tibet as an independent state, nor has it taken a strong public stance on the Tibetan issue, unlike India, which hosts the Tibetan government-in-exile. This neutral stance avoids provoking China, which views the Dalai Lama as a separatist. Bhutan’s diplomatic strategy has been maintaining cordial relations with China and India, a balancing act that influences its decisions regarding high-profile figures like the Dalai Lama.

Historically, Bhutan and Tibet had close ties, enveloped within cultural and religious attributes. Tibetan Buddhism’s influence is evident in Bhutanese religious practices, art, and architecture. However, geopolitical dynamics in the region shifted during the mid-20th century with China’s annexation of Tibet and the Dalai Lama’s subsequent flight to India in 1959.


During the early years of the Dalai Lama’s exile, Bhutan was undergoing a transition. The country was modernizing under King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who aimed to maintain Bhutan’s sovereignty and independence while navigating the complex geopolitical landscape. Inviting the Dalai Lama, a politically sensitive figure, could have jeopardized Bhutan’s delicate balance with China.

Bhutan’s foreign policy has traditionally been characterized by caution and pragmatism, prioritizing stability and security. China could perceive a Dalai Lama visit as provocative, potentially leading to diplomatic repercussions, which Bhutan wishes to avoid.

Bhutan’s relationship with India, its closest ally and economic partner, also plays a role. India has provided refuge to the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan community, supporting them materially and diplomatically. However, India faces its challenges with China, including border disputes. By aligning closely with India, Bhutan tacitly supports India’s stance on Tibet but refrains from explicit actions that could escalate tensions with China.

Another reason for the Dalai Lama’s absence could be Bhutan’s desire to maintain religious and political autonomy. Bhutan’s religious leadership, including the Je Khenpo (Chief Abbot), is prominent in guiding the nation’s spiritual life. While the Dalai Lama garners prominence, Bhutan’s leadership might prefer to uphold its religious traditions and hierarchy without external influence.

Read More